3D model description
This is high detailed model.
Size 115 MB + 115 MB without zip.
32 parts file and one assembly file.
The skeleton of the right upper limb consists of the bones of the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand. These bones articulate at various ts, allowing for a wide range of movements. Here's a description of the skeletal components, moving from proximal to distal:
- Shoulder Girdle: This connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton and consists of two bones:
- Clavicle (Collarbone): A long, slender bone that articulates with the sternum (breastbone) medially at the sternoclavicular t and with the acromion process of the scapula laterally at the acromioclavicular t. It provides and allows for a wide range of shoulder motion.
Scapula (Shoulder Blade): A flat, triangular bone located on the posterior aspect of the thorax. It articulates with the humerus at the glenohumeral (shoulder) t. Key features include the spine, acromion, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity (socket for the humerus).
Arm: This region extends from the shoulder to the elbow and contains one bone:
Humerus: A long bone that articulates proximally with the scapula at the glenohumeral t and distally with the radius and ulna at the elbow t. Important features include the head, anatomical and surgical necks, greater and lesser tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, epicondyles, trochlea, and capitulum.
Forearm: This region extends from the elbow to the wrist and contains two bones:
Ulna: The medial bone of the forearm (when in anatomical position). It articulates proximally with the humerus at the elbow t and with the radius at the proximal radioulnar t. Distally, it articulates with the radius at the distal radioulnar t and contributes to the wrist t (though doesn't directly articulate with the carpals). Key features include the olecranon process, coronoid process, trochlear notch, radial notch, and styloid process.
Radius: The lateral bone of the forearm (when in anatomical position). It articulates proximally with the humerus at the elbow t and with the ulna at the proximal radioulnar t. Distally, it articulates with the ulna at the distal radioulnar t and with the carpal bones at the wrist t. Key features include the head, neck, radial tuberosity, and styloid process. The radius is the bone that primarily moves during pronation and supination of the forearm.
Wrist (Carpus): This is a complex region formed by eight small carpal bones arranged in two rows:
Proximal Row (from lateral to medial): Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform.
Distal Row (from lateral to medial): Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.
These bones articulate with the distal end of the radius and ulna (indirectly via a fibrocartilaginous disc with the ulna) at the wrist t (radiocarpal t) and with each other at intercarpal ts. They also articulate with the metacarpal bones.
Hand (Metacarpus and Phalanges): This is the distal part of the upper limb, consisting of the palm and fingers:
Metacarpals: Five long bones, one for each digit (thumb to little finger), forming the palm of the hand. They articulate proximally with the carpal bones at the carpometacarpal ts and distally with the phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal (M) ts.
Phalanges: These are the bones of the fingers and thumb. Each finger has three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal), while the thumb (pollex) has only two (proximal and distal). They articulate at interphalangeal (IP) ts (proximal and distal in fingers, only one in the thumb) and proximally with the metacarpals.
ts of the Right Upper Limb (from proximal to distal):
Sternoclavicular t: Connects the clavicle to the sternum.
Acromioclavicular t: Connects the clavicle to the scapula.
Glenohumeral (Shoulder) t: A ball-and-socket t connecting the humerus to the scapula, allowing for a wide range of motion.
Elbow t: A hinge t formed by the articulation of the humerus with the ulna and radius, primarily allowing for flexion and extension. It also includes the proximal radioulnar t, which allows for pronation and supination.
Radioulnar ts (Proximal and Distal): Pivot ts between the radius and ulna, allowing for pronation and supination of the forearm.
Wrist (Radiocarpal) t: An ellipsoid t between the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum), allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the hand.
Intercarpal ts: Plane ts between the carpal bones, allowing for gliding movements that contribute to wrist mobility.
Carpometacarpal (CMC) ts: Plane ts between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpal bones (except for the thumb, which has a saddle t allowing for greater mobility).
Metacarpophalangeal (M) ts: Condyloid ts between the metacarpal heads and the proximal phalanges, allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the fingers.
Interphalangeal (IP) ts (Proximal and Distal in fingers, one in thumb): Hinge ts between the phalanges, allowing for flexion and extension of the fingers and thumb.
This intricate arrangement of bones and ts, along with the associated muscles, ligaments, and tendons, enables the remarkable dexterity and range of motion of the human right upper limb.#3Dmodel #rightupperlimb #skeleton #anatomy #orthopedics #arm #bones #clavicle #scapula #humerus #ulna #radius #carpals #metacarpals #phalanges #shoulder #elbow #wrist #hand #humanbody #medicine #science #education #interactive #modeling #digital #technology #elearning #visualization #graphics #design #simulation #research #development #innovation #medicalimaging #hospital #clinic #doctor #nurse #patient #student #teacher #training #information #knowledge #awareness #healthcare #image #picture #3Dprinting #augmentedreality #virtualreality #biomedical #segmented
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