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The parietal bones are a pair of bones in the human skull which, when ed together at the sagittal suture, form the sides and roof of the cranium. Each bone is roughly quadrilateral in shape and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles.
Shape: Generally described as quadrilateral or four-sided.
Surfaces:
External (Outer) Surface: This surface is convex and smooth. Near the center is the parietal eminence (or parietal tuber), which marks the point of initial ossification. Above the superior temporal line, the surface is covered by the epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica). Below the superior temporal line is the origin of the temporalis muscle.
Internal (Inner) Surface: This surface is concave and features impressions from the cerebral gyri (ridges of the brain). Grooves for the branches of the middle meningeal artery are also visible. Near the sagittal border are several small depressions for the superior sagittal sinus.
Borders:
Sagittal Border: The thickest and longest border, articulating with the parietal bone of the opposite side at the sagittal suture.
Squamosal Border: This border is arched and articulates with the temporal bone at the squamosal suture.
Frontal Border: Serrated and articulates with the frontal bone at the coronal suture.
Occipital Border: Serrated and articulates with the occipital bone at the lambdoid suture.
Angles:
Frontal Angle: Located anteriorly and superiorly, it articulates with the frontal bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. It corresponds to the location of the bregma in the skull.
Occipital Angle: Located posteriorly and superiorly, it articulates with the occipital bone. It corresponds to the lambda in the skull.
Sphenoidal Angle: Located anteriorly and inferiorly, it articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
Mastoid Angle: Located posteriorly and inferiorly, it articulates with the occipital bone and the temporal bone (mastoid portion).
Articulations: The parietal bones articulate with the following bones:
Opposite Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone
Function: The parietal bones contribute significantly to the protection of the brain.
Ossification: The parietal bone ossifies from one center, which appears near the parietal eminence around the eighth week of fetal development.#ParietalBone #SkullAnatomy #CranialBones #3DModeling #Segmentation #MedicalImaging #AnatomicalModel #DigitalAnatomy #BoneStructure #Osteology #AnatomicalStudy #3DPrinting #Bioprinting #MedicalVisualization #ResearchTool #Education #AnatomyEducation #Neuroscience #SurgicalPlanning #Craniotomy #BoneGraft #Reconstruction #FacialReconstruction #TraumaSurgery #Orthopedics #Anthropology #Paleontology #Forensics #VirtualSurgery #CADCAM #BiomedicalEngineering #3DScan #STLModel #OBJModel #MeshModeling #SurfaceReconstruction #FiniteElementAnalysis #Biomechanics #Prosthetics #Implants #PersonalizedMedicine #PatientSpecific #SurgicalSimulation #Morphology #CranialVault #Neuroimaging #Radiology #OsParietale #HumanAnatomy