Crab nebula Synchrotron Webb Image

We outline a model of the Crab pulsar wind nebula with two different populations of synchrotron emitting particles, arising from two different acceleration mechanisms: (i) Component-I due to Fermi-I acceleration at the equatorial portion of the termination shock, with particle spectral index pI ≈ 2.2 above the injection break corresponding to γwindσwind ∼ 105, peaking in the ultraviolet (UV, γwind ∼ 102 is the bulk Lorentz factor of the wind, σwind ∼ 103 is wind magnetization); and (ii) Component-II due to acceleration at reconnection layers in the bulk of the turbulent Nebula, with particle index pII ≈ 1.6. The model requires relatively slow but highly magnetized wind. For both components, the overall cooling break is in the infrared at ∼0.01 eV, so that the Component-I is in the fast cooling regime (cooling frequency below the peak frequency). In the optical band, Component-I produces emission with the cooling spectral index of αo ≈ 0.5, softening towards the edges due to radiative losses. Above the cooling break, in the optical, UV, and X-rays, Component-I mostly overwhelms Component-II. We hypothesize that acceleration at large-scale current sheets in the turbulent nebula (Component-II) extends to the synchrotron burn-off limit of ϵs ∼ 100 MeV. Thus in our model acceleration in turbulent reconnection (Component-II) can produce both hard radio spectra and occasional gamma-ray flares. This model may be applicable to a broader class of high-energy astrophysical objects, like active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray burst jets, where often radio electrons form a different population from the high-energy electrons.

The individual Webb and Hubble images are available for using the links on the left side of this page.

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Spiral Galaxy, whose light traveled thousand years for the our Spaces Telescope to record its photons!
Where the material becomes denser, as a result of physical processes, it will be brighter and warmer, like as the sun! Somehow, the thickening matter creates deeper and deeper holes in space-time. Based on this, I created the negative gravity map of the image with the help of software, as gravity distorts a deep pit in space-time, the texture rises on the model, thus creating gravity mountains!

Based on this, I created the "3D negative gravity map" of the 2D image with the help of software, as gravity distorts a deep hole in space-time, the texture rises on the model, thus creating gravity mountains!

3D image obtained as a result of soft analysis of the 2D images of the new Hubble Space Telescope. The technique based on color analysis highlights the light of stars and ionized gases from the darkness of space, as gravity curves space, thus creating a spatially interpretable high-resolution 3-dimensional work.

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